Factors Influencing Airline Industry Performance In Europe Tourism Essay

Factors Influencing tune duct labor Performance In europium Tourism EssayThe air duct commitation manufacture puzzleed in atomic number 63 with KLM the Netherland national air lane which was founded on 7 October 1919, make it the oldest holder in the world and the caller-out is steady operating under its original name, although the company stopped operating during the plump for World War a reachice from the operations in the Dutch Antilles in the Caribbean. The first KLM escape was on 17 May 1920, from Croydon impartport, capital of the United Kingdom to capital of The Netherlands carrying two British journalists and a number of vernalspapers.1The European air hose vault of heaven has historically been dominated by national flag letter aircraft carriers who together storey for oer 70% of civilian passenger traffic. These respiratory tracts came up after the second base World War and were state-owned or state-sponsored. Examples hold British furrow fashions , Lufthansa, Swiss foreign Airline, SN Brussels, Alitalia, Iberia, Air France KLM and more(prenominal) another(prenominal)s which be tacit the major airline businesss carrier in Europe to sidereal day.(Debarshi Datta and Subham L. Chakravarty, 2006)2We whoremonger non talk about the airline assiduity without mentioning the IATA (International Air Transport Association). IATA is an internationalist wiliness body, created in 1944 by a sort out of airlines. Today, IATA represents many 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduledinternational air traffic. The organization parting is also to represents, leads and serves the airline constancy in general. All the rules and regulation in the airline industry argon set by IATA. The main civilize of IATA is to provide safe and secure carry-over to the passengers.3Over the divisions, the airline industry has grown from an experimental mode of manoeuveration to a major part of the worlds merchant marine system, carrying an esti mated 1.5 billion passengers annually. Airline industry today is facing threefold intemperateies and almost of the traditional airlines today ar having losings. IATA said airlines Carriers pick up suffered losses of $50bn over the past 10 divisions, and still face a series of risks which atomic number 18 the factors that broadcastly ca roles these bad capital punishments. We have identified those factors in the European airline industry ranging from international monetary crisis, terrorism threats, alternative transport mode, foreign emulation fuel terms fluctuation to the presence of pocket-size damage carrier.Fuel personify fluctuationToday airlines companies face many problems there atomic number 18 many factors that contribute to these problems and the unstable fuel personify is one of them. The value of a barrel of oil has a channelize reach on airliners within the European aviation industry. With the current political disputes in easterly Europe amidst Ukr ainian oil and accelerator company Naftohaz Ukrainy and Russian vaunt supplier Gazprom over natural fluid supplies, numerous European countries that depend on Russian natural gas transported through Ukraine. The unrest in Nigeria with pipelines attacks, kidnapped petroleum company employees and in the mall East with Iraq war and Iran nuclear ambitions, all this influence the oil labor in these countries indeed the hail of oil is wantly to rise as is the unstable nature of this resource and industry in general. According to the statistics from the global Aviation Bureau, due to the fuel price surge, the cost of fuel has accounted to 31% of the cost of major business of airline companies in the first one-half of the year 2008 from 22%. The whole airline industry has afforded additional cost expenditure of $200 million for the same period. Increases in fuel prices extend to the airlines in many commissions, first the cost of fuel has an obvious and direct encounter on the cost of operation, and secondly fuel cost step-ups have repeatedly triggered economic recessions, which in turn result in a substantial decline in demand for air travel and air cargo. Fuel price increases have a particularly adverse impact on airlines because still in good time fuel be constitute around 10% to 12% of their operating expense. E rattling penny increase in the price of jet fuel costs the airline industry $180 million a year.4In the absence of determine power, the ability to pass these costs along in the form of higher(prenominal) airfares -these increases comes right off the bottom line of these companies.5The airlines are doing everything they rouse to economise and reduce their fuel consumption. With the evolution of commercial aviation, airlines have insisted upon the most fuel-efficient aircraft practical and have worked with airframe and engine manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption but still the fuel price is an incontrollable factor that they have to d eal with.Terrorism threatsThe impact of the terrorism on the Airline industry is still present a couple of(prenominal)er years after September 11, 2001. This continues to have a strong influence on the air travel industry. Some airlines did not survive the financial wreckage immediately after 9/11 most laid off workers, and it seemed that other terrorist plots were uncovered or thwarted in an age of warrantor alerts.6The September 11 bombing has a very negative nucleus on all the airlines companies due to the fact that many people start to care for their security measure, with the final result of a decline of the people proclivity to travel by level and accordingly airlines sales. Because of the recession in the airline industry at that time many companies have gone bankrupt.7The most recent terrorist attack in a plane was in Christmas day declination 25, 2009, Oumar Farouk Abdulmutallab travelled to Amsterdam, where he boarded Northwest Airlines Flight 253 en dispatch t o Detroit, Michigan while reaching he tried to b embarrassed up the plane with and explosive but he was stopped by the passengers. This contract shows that the terrorism threat is still present. Today, there are new security checks before boarding the latest one is the scanner. The others were implement after 9/11.Some of these check up are very outrageous Shoes and belts off, Laptops out. reach up Standing in an especially long security queue, transeunt through the metal detector, dogs. All liquids, gels and aerosols must be in 100ml or smaller containers. Larger containers that are half-full or toothpaste tubes rolled up are not allowed. All liquids, gels and aerosols must be placed in a single, quart-size, zip-top, clear plastic bag. Gallon size bags or bags that are not zip-top such as fold-over sandwich bags are not allowed. Each traveler can use only one clear plastic bag.8 numerous others other restrictions make passengers even more uncomfortable. All this mix with the fe ar of a potential risk of terrorist attack in a plane because they have seen what happen before make people change their way of travelling. That is one of the reasons why there is a reduction in the flight ticket sales in European countries. monetary crisisThe International Air Transport Association (IATA), which represents most of the airlines worldwide, reported in December 2008 that international air passenger traffic flee 4.6% year-over-year, and only about 74% of plane seats were sold. International air cargo volume fell an unprecedented 22.6% year-over-year, a sign of the slow downwards in world trade and plummeting consumer make iting.9This is the first time in memory that airlines in virtually every region of the world have been simultaneously hurt by fall ticket sales and cargo loads. The international financial crisis make a lot of company went bankrupt and the one which didnt close cut down their workforce to face multiple difficulties. Many people today spend slight money for their travel and unoccupied time because they earn less and some family even suspend totally the travels to use the money for other purposes. People like to conserve money to cover the essentials of life such as food, shelter and family necessities. Europe had been hit by the crisis and millions of person deep in thought(p) their jobs. in that location has been a marked reduction in business activities and consumer spending, and this affects the airline industry, as business travel slows, and discretionary spending on leisure travel goes down. Companies such as British airways, Air France KLM, Alitalia and many others are facing financial difficulties. With millions euro of losses since 2008 company like British airways even ask the employee to work for free a week or more than that to save the company.Foreign disceptationAirlines is a very competitive industry most of the countries around the world have their national airline company and apart from that there are priv ate owned Airlines all over the world. Air transport within the EU has been liberalised through three successive packages of directives and regulations. The effects of these different steps taken have been to extend the article of faith of the single market to air transport within the EU. The liberalisation branch of the European airline market (open skies) has led to stronger competition with an increase in the supply of air transport and lower tariffs, especially on routes where airlines compete. (J.F.Pons, December 1999)10apart from this, there are others agreement that European countries had signed with Asian, African and American countries to allow their companies to operate in Europe. All these agreements make the European market the toughest in term of competition. The competitors of European companies are Singapore Airlines, Emirates, American Airline, Continental and others. But the most aggressive competitors come from the Middle Eastern airline such as Etihad Airways a nd Qatar Airways these two companies are not making any profit since their creation there are granted by their respective government therefore their quick expansion. Qatar Airways only operate with more 82 planes and has 220 planes in order for more than $40 billion expenditure and Etihad airways operate with 56 planes and has 106 planes in order the company is planning to stunt man the number of cities Etihad services to 100 and to fly 25million passengers by 2020.11These goals depart be supported by Etihads $43 billion shopping spree at the UKs Farnborough Air Show at which it purchased 55 Airbus aircraft and 45 aircraft from Boeing.12This show that the competition in the European market will be more difficult with time to come therefore the European airlines carrier must be ready to face it.Alternative transport modeThe evolution of engineering science today brought various ways of travelling and ameliorates the existing transportation mode. There are many alternative way of travelling without taking a plane such as bus, inculcate, boat and many others. The building of new infrastructure had reduced the travel distance. Today the main alternative transportation mode that we can consider as a potential synchronous is the high speed train with the constructions of the tunnel under Manche Sea to tie Britain with mainland Europe. Eurostar (high speed train) operate this route associateing London to Paris and Brussels.13The time that it takes to link London to Brussels in Belgium with the high speed train is mediocre 1hour 51 minutes and it is two times cheaper than the flight ticket. With a bilingual staff, their aim is to offer integrated fast rail travel between major European cities and to compete with airlines on punctuality, environment, pricing and speed. A high-speed rail network a cross seven countries in Europe will soon compete with airlines as the most convenient way to travel. The intercity network will mean that a passenger will be able to hop on a train travelling from London to Frankfurt in just five hours for as little as 69. Passengers will also be able to travel between France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria without passing the ground in the year 2007 15 millions person use this train and they are planning to have more than 25 million passengers by 2010. All this level we can see that the high speed trains are serious concurrent because they are targeting airline passengers as their potential hereafter customers.14Presence of junior-grade Cost Carrier (LCC)Low cost carrier are those airlines which offer low fares for all the destinations where they are operating and focus for food, priority boarding, seat allocating, and baggages. This type of company lowers their operating cost. With just a single class and more seats in the plane and a multi task for example flight attendants also cleaning the aircraft or working as gate agents, simplified routes, emphasizing point-to-point t ransit instead of transfers at hubs. This help the company to considerably reduce it operation cost and therefore sells it flying ticket at a low price. The major low cost carriers in Europe are Ryanair, Easy jet, Germanwing and Tulfly. On knock against 2010, The European Low Fares Airline Association (ELFAA) announced that last year its members carried 162.5 million passengers and accounting for over 35% of scheduled intra-European Air traffic, representing an 8.7% increase on the previous year.15. A Low cost Carrier like Ryanair make a profit of 105 million at the year terminate 2009 compare to British Airways a traditional airline carrier which make a loss of 358 million at the year ended 2009.16We can see that the low cost carriers are growing very fast and they have a control over their operating cost. That is why they are the only Airlines which make benefits today although the airline industry is in crisis. Low cost carriers fares are one of the reasons why traditional airl ines are facing difficulties today and these LCC are therefore attracting the passenger of the traditional carrier. search frame workIndependent variables dependent variableFuel cost fluctuationTerrorism threatsFinancial crisisForeign competitionAlternative transport modePresence of Low Cost CarrierAirline Industry performance in Europe look for objectivesTo examine how fuel cost fluctuation affect the airline industry performance in EuropeTo determine the effect of the terrorism threats on the airline industry performance in EuropeTo survey the impact of financial crisis on the airline industry performance in EuropeTo analyse how the foreign competition influence the airline industry performance in EuropeTo order the alternative transport mode and his effect on the airline industry performance in EuropeTo understand how presence of low cost carrier impacts the airline industry performance in EuropeResearch methodology1-Target respondent our target respondent in this inquiry will be the management people of the Airlines companies and in certain measure the customers. We consider these persons because they are the one directly concern by our research and they can give their feedback which is what we are looking at.2- Types of entropySecondary data are information from unoriginal sources, it is not directly compiled by the analyst and could include published or unpublished work based on research that relies on primary sources of any material other than primary sources apply to prepare a written work. Here we have to show the sources of the secondary data used in our research we exploit Websites, Journals and books.Primary data Are information that has been roll up at first hand. Theses specifics informations are collected by the person who is doing the research. Primary data collection involves measurement of some sort, whether by taking readings off instruments, sketching, counting, or conducting consultations (using questionnaires). To interview our re spondent, we will use the personal interview for the management people of the Airlines companies because they will be few and to have an accurate firmness of purpose. For the customers, we will be using the telephone interview because it is the one that we will have a direct access to the customers and therefore they will be less chance of having a mistaken answer from the respondent. Our research here doesnt use primary data but this is the questionnaire that can be used when interviewing the persons involves (respondent).3- MeasurementVariablesMeasurementThe industry performance-Passengers onus-profitabilityFuel cost-World fuel priceTerrorism-Number of incident and placesFinancial crisis-Economic data GDPForeign competition-Number of foreign AirlinesAlternative transportation-Number and types of different alternative transportationLow cost carrier-Number of Low cost carrierTime scaleGantt chartTaskMonth1Moth 2Moth 3W1W2W3W4W1W2W3W4W1W2W3W4 musical composition of proposalSubmissi on of proposalProposal defenceData collectionOrganization of dataAnalysis of dataWriting of dissertationSubmission of dissertation